Are stocks really less volatile Example

Essays on Are stocks really less volatile Research Proposal An Exploration into the Volatility of Equity Stocks in the Kuwait Economy Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Key words 3 Aims Background 3 Literature Review 4 Research Questions Methods 5 References 7 Key words Kuwait Stock Exchange, Statistical measures, Volatility, Exchange Traded Funds, futures, capitalization rate of Kuwait, X-stream trading system, SMARTS surveillance system, Coefficient technique, long-run predictive variance, multi-period risk and return variance. Aims Background The current study will be outlining whether stocks are least volatile in the Kuwait financial market than the other investment instruments. Main aim of the study is to measure dispersion involved in the equity investment options of Kuwait. Statistical measures will be used to outline the level security or risk associated in the market index (Favero Nucera, 2014). Volatility of the market options of the Kuwait Stock Exchange will be judged on the basis of Exchange Traded Funds and justification of futures and options in worldwide appearance. Moreover, the study will put a shed on the investment atmosphere of Kuwait and risks involved in it (Canarella, Miller Pollard, 2010). It has been observed that capitalization rate of the Kuwait Stock Exchange market is highest among the Middle Eastern countries. The equity market reported with the presence of almost two hundred companies, who are using their equity shares to raise funds. The stock exchange is having the market value of more than 28 billion KD or USD 100 billion (Arumugam, 2013). It offers high market capitalization rate in comparison to the GDP of the country. The ratio represents nearly 100% of the entire GDP of the Kuwait (Kse.com.kw, 2015). The system represents risk profile in highly informative manner. They came into a â€Å"partnership† contract with NASDAQ OMX, which is the leading the stock exchange set up in the world. The organization is providing highly efficient trading analysis, exchange or transaction technologies, information regarding various public limited companies (Kse.com.kw, 2015). It has been observed that the KSE has started to use â€Å"X-stream trading system† after the tie up of NASDAQ deal (Kse.com.kw, 2015). The collaboration has also offered the equity investors in promoting the set up with â€Å"SMARTS surveillance system† (Kse.com.kw, 2015). The new system offered investors and other stakeholders with high transfer of knowledge and analytical experience. NASDAQ OMX introduced huge number of financial experts who helped in gaining higher insights on the modern commercial markets of the Middle Eastern country. â€Å"The SMARTS surveillance system† started working from the year 2010 and X-stream used from 2012. Both the systems are helping the investors in meeting the fragile economic conditions (Kse.com.kw, 2015). Literature Review Volatility can be defined as the uncertainty or risk associated with investment made in equity stock (Favero Nucera, 2014). It refers to the level of risks allied with the change of investment volume, which will be measured with the help of the statistical technique like standard deviation and variance. Such numerical methods will calculate the difference between returns of the securities in distinct time or market index (Canarella, Miller Pollard, 2010). Henceforth, it can be said that the equity, debenture, preference shares, money market instruments, mutual funds, real estate, derivatives and non marketable securities expressing high volatility represents higher level of risk (Brandt Kang, 2002). In the financial investment market, option pricing formulas are gaining higher importance among stock exchanges. Return from any underlying asset outlines high fluctuation which is calculated with the help of option expiration evaluation (Gregoriou, 2009). Volatility is calculated with the help of coefficient percentage and option-pricing formulas. Mainly, unpredictability of the investments is higher in the daily trading policies. Coefficient technique is used in outlining the changes in the level of risk (HansooYoo, 2013). Volatility of stock returns is calculated on annual basis so that the contrast of stock markets can be outlined. Instability of the stock markets is higher in the shorter prospects whereas, it is lower in the longer investment horizons. Mean reversion is one of the highly used techniques for calculating return predictability in any type of market (HansooYoo, 2013). There are mainly five components that are used in judging the â€Å"long-run predictive variance† (Karunanayake, Valadkhani Obrien, 2010). They are i.i.d. uncertainty, mean reversion, uncertainty regarding the expected future returns, insecurity of existing predictable returns and risk estimation (Favero Nucera, 2014). In order to outline the unpredictability of the long-horizon discrepancy and parameter hesitation, different techniques are used. Mainly conditional variance and components of long-horizon variance techniques are used (Kassimatis, 2011). Empirical frameworks of the outlining stock risk levels are one of the predictive systems components which use predictive variance. Major stock exchanges are using the techniques like priors and posteriors techniques in order to predict multi-period risk and return variance. On the contrary, strength of the equity markets are calculated with the help of substitute samples, model of uncertainty and time varying volatility (Schwartz, Byrne Colaninno, 2011). It has been observed that the target-date funds are gaining popularity as investment assets. Debenture, preference shares, money market instruments, mutual funds, real estate, derivatives and non marketable securities are the major options for the investors (Kassimatis, 2011). Mainly, volatility can be checked with the statistical methods like measure of dispersion, standard deviation, variance analysis and co-efficient and correlation methods (Pastor Stambaugh, 2012). Research Questions Methods H0: Stocks are least volatile in the Kuwait stock market. H1: Stocks are highly volatile in the Kuwait financial investment market. The above mentioned hypothesis will be used in the study to prove that the volatility of the equity share is lower than the other investment options like, debenture, preference shares, money market instruments, mutual funds, real estate, derivatives and non marketable securities. The study will be outlining change of risk level which will be faced while investing in Kuwait Stock Exchange (Favero Nucera, 2014). The hypothesis will be testing the level of risk instability focused on KSE instruments. In order to justify the marketplace, different methods will be used. Mainly, the study will be outlining the volatility of stock of Kuwait in respect to the international standards (Schwartz, Byrne Colaninno, 2011). While conducting the research, the researcher will be having options of three different philosophies like positivism, interpretive and realism. In the current study, positivism philosophy will be used to analyse volatility of stocks (Canarella, Miller Pollard, 2010). Research approaches can be inductive or deductive. Deductive approach will be selected so that different financial risk related theories can be used and newly invented theories are used to investigate on the current topic. On the other hand, the researcher can use the exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research designs. In case of the current study, descriptive design will be selected to analyze Kuwait based stock volatility (Brandt Kang, 2002). Current topic requires information on the KSE risk volatility, which requires data collection from both primary and secondary sources. This study will be using the secondary data sources like the market snapshots, index chart and sartorial indices (Kse.com.kw, 2015). Such data collection techniques will help in contrasting the historical market data (Kse.com.kw, 2015). Quantitative data will be used to gain more insight on the Kuwait based financial and stock exchange market. In addition, collected data will be analyzed by using â€Å"measure of dispersion, standard deviation, variance analysis and co-efficient and correlation methods†. Microsoft excel software will be used for calculation and data analysis (Schwartz, Byrne Colaninno, 2011). Moreover, researcher needs to maintain the ethical issues like proper data application, benevolent involvement of respondents and maintaining anonymity among the data source. On the contrary, the research can face the complexity or limitations like authenticity, time issues and budget restrictions. References Brandt, M. Kang, Q. (2002). On the relationship between the conditional mean and volatility of stock returns. Cambridge, MA.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Canarella, G., Miller, S., Pollard, S. (2010). NAFTA stock markets. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Arumugam, D. (2013). Stock Market Seasonality- Time Varying Volatility In The Emerging Indian Stock Market. IOSR Journal Of Business And Management, 9(6), 87-103. Favero, C. Nucera, F. (2014). How Much Does the Stock Market Risk Decline with the Investment Horizon? A Cross-Country Comparison. Economic Notes, 43(1), 1-19. Gregoriou, G. (2009). Stock market volatility. Boca Raton: CRC Press. HansooYoo, C. (2013). The Lead-Lag Relationship between Stock Market Volatility and Housing Market Volatility in the U.S. International business education review, 10(3), 65-86. Kse.com.kw, (2015). About KSE - Who We Are? Retrieved 23 June 2015, from http://www.kse.com.kw/EN/AboutKSE/Pages/WhoWeAre.aspx Karunanayake, I., Valadkhani, A. Obrien, M. (2010). Financial Crises and International Stock Market Volatility Transmission. Australian Economic Papers, 49(3), 209-221. Kassimatis, K. (2011). Risk Aversion with Local Risk Seeking and Stock Returns: Evidence from the UK Market. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 38(5-6), 713-739. Pastor, L., Stambaugh, R. (2012). Are Stocks Really Less Volatile in the Long Run? The Journal Of Finance, LXVII(2), 431-477. Schwartz, R., Byrne, J. Colaninno, A. (2011). Volatility. New York: Springer.

The Effects Of American Criminal Justice System Created By...

The Negative Effects of American Criminal Justice System Created by Public Perceptions Any Americans pretend that the days of racism are far behind; however it is clear that institutional racism still exists in this country. One way of viewing this institutional racism is looking at our nation’s prison system and how the incarceration rates are skewed towards African American men. The reasons for the incarceration rate disparity are argued and different between races, but history points out and starts to show the reason of why the disparity began. Families and children of the incarcerated are adversely affected due to the discrimination as well as the discrimination against African American students and their likelihood of going to prison compared to the white student. African American women are also affected by the discrimination in the incarceration rate. Many white Americans don’t see how racism affects incarceration rates, and that African Americans are more likely to face discrimination from the police as well as being falsely arrested. Many would ar gue that the reason why the incarceration rate for African Americans is sustainably higher compared to white American is because of economic situations, and because of past arrest patterns. While it is true that the economic opportunity someone has will affect their decisions, this argument doesn’t fully explain the real reason of why the rates are higher. To fully understand the reason why one must look back on America’sShow MoreRelatedThe Dignity Of Black Americans1701 Words   |  7 PagesBlack Americans is being taken away by the same people who are getting paid by American tax dollars, to protect and serve. Because of this rash of recent deaths, Black Americas have started an initiative to ban together to fight the racial injustice in this country. 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Mask Sorry by Natalia Nesterova Essay Example For Students

Mask Sorry by Natalia Nesterova Essay This semester for Art Appreciation we were asked to attend a museum and find a picture that catches our interest. I attended the Zimmerli Art Museum in New Brunswick, New Jersey and while browsing the many different rooms and pictures the museum had to offer I came across one piece I really liked. The piece I came across is called Mask Sorry by Natalia Nesterova. I decided to choose this image because out of all the other pieces of art I saw I felt I had a connection with this picture. I feel that many people could have a connection with this piece of work because it seems dark, and everyone has a little of a darker side to them and this image shows that perfectly. Not only was this image on the darker side, but it was also very mysterious, and things that have a mystery are interesting to me. Natalia Nesterova was born in 1944 and she is considered a modern Russian artist. She graduated from Surikov institute in 1968 and immediately she made herself known for her unique style. Starting in 1991 she became a professor of the Russian academy of theatrical art. She often attends and participates in exhibitions, including youth exhibitions. Because she was a professor and enjoyed attending youth exhibitions makes me think that her artwork is to help a younger generation express their feelings in a unique and mysterious way. Mask Sorry specifically is a piece she did using oil on the canvas, and this piece is definitely unique. I think this image is more of a figurative piece, she want’s people to try and figure out what message she is giving. Over the years Nesterova’s paintings appeared to have a religious motive with a kind of mysterious disguise. Her large canvases are composed with a minimum of subject, expressive colors, metaphoric and mythological signs; everything remains mysterious, carefully hiding the true meaning with not a single answer. † This description of her artwork perfectly describes Mask Sorry from beginning to end. To me, Mask Sorry has a few meanings. This piece makes me feel like at this time in Nesterova’s life she could have been hidden and going threw something she may have not wanted other people to see. Or like I said earlier she could just be gearing her work to a younger group of people to show them they are not alone with feeling hidden. In Mask Sorry there is a mask of cards covering the face of which could be a man or woman. I say it could be either male or female because if you look at the picture close enough the fingers are very delicate, along with the slimness of his/her neck. It could also be a male because the width of the shoulders is very broad, and most men are built with broader shoulders. The cards covering the face makes me feel like this piece is talking about a gamble. Maybe there was a gambling problem involved, or maybe the cards are used to say life is a gamble. Usually anytime cards are involved in any game its always a gamble because you never know which card you’re going to get. In this case the gamble taken must have been a bad one because the image is very dark. The main focal point of the picture, which is the mask of cards, is even darkly shaded In many parts, along with the body being very dark and eerie. Many of the parts shaded on the face makes the sign of the cross. Like I mentioned earlier some believe that Nesterova has religious motive to her artwork, and I feel this is one of them. When priests give ashes or pray, they usually make a sign of the cross on your forehead, exactly like the shading in the cards show. Something else I noticed about the cards is that the face is split in two sides, the left side of the face is red cards and right side is black. This shows there are two sides to the story, Maybe the red cards could represent feeling like you’re actually living and having blood flow threw the body which you need in order to live. As where the black cards could mean that you are stuck in a tough situation and you’re left with darkness, or the unknown. .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 , .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .postImageUrl , .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 , .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:hover , .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:visited , .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:active { border:0!important; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:active , .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4 .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe05b7e242ad2250c5d63d4ead0f47c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leon Battista Albert - On Painting EssaySomething I noticed and found interesting is the fact that the eyes and mouth are painted in black. They say â€Å"eyes are the window to the soul† and clearly there is no soul in the eyes of Mask Sorry, along with having no thoughts to speak, but If you look closely at the mouth on the left side the mouth is tilted up a little higher then the right. The right side, which is the darker side of the image, has more of a frown. Same thing with the eyes, on the left the eye is placed higher which could show things are looking up and getting better, but the right side is placed lower, which could he/she is running out of hope. Although this is such a slight tilt in the eye and the mouth I do think that she did this purposely for the viewer to think about. The background of this image on the other hand is different from the rest of the image. This part of the picture very muted and neutral, this could mean that although he/she was delt a bad hand of cards there is still a chance to turn their life around. The viewer could also see that the hands in this image played a huge role because although it is not the main focal point of the painting, the hands are a lighter section that the eye is drawn too. Because the hands are jagged and painted with anger brings me to believe that the hands are near the neck for a reason. Maybe Mask Sorry is ready to call it quits and that’s why his hands are so close around his neck,or you could look at it from another perspective and guess that Mask Sorry has been forgiven for his sins, hence the cross on his forehead, and now its close to his time to pull his mask off and show his true identity. If I were to choose which it would be I would say he’s trying to get ready and pull the mask off and change his/her life for the better. While doing some research on Nesterova’s other pieces of art I came across a piece called Human Masks. This image is very similar to Mask Sorry except in this image there are seven men all wearing white and instead of their eyes and mouths being blacked out, they are pained in white. Also, they are playing a game of cards and three of the seven men have dolls in their hands, which are similar looking to Masks Sorry. You can tell the atmosphere here is much happier, I feel these men are holding dolls with masks that look similar to Mask Sorry is because their masks are now off and they are ready to start moving into a different direction. They are playing with what their life used to be and making moves towards a better experice. Although there are still cards in this picture which may again represent gambling, one of the men are looking at the card almost like he’s trying to choose which card he’s going to place down next, which shows he has a chance and a choice weather or not he would like to use that card. Not only did Human Masks look similar to Mask Sorry, I came across many other pieces of Nesterova’s, which even had the same mask as the one in Mask Sorry. She clearly enjoys people to think about her art when she uses this mask in many of her images. Each image that I saw looked similar each made me feel differently even if it was using the same exact face. I’m happy that I choose to attend the Zimmerli Museum and that I happened to come across this image while being there. Like I mentioned many times Natalia Nesterova Is a great artist, she makes people use their imagination as to what her images mean. When I first chose this image I thought this paper would be a lot harder for me to write. .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 , .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .postImageUrl , .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 , .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:hover , .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:visited , .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:active { border:0!important; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:active , .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590 .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u329f64e9a578a96cd46304dbab5bf590:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: El Greco Biography EssayI didn’t see the picture for what it really was, I just saw an image I enjoyed and an image that I thought looked interesting enough to write about, but when I actually had to re draw, shade, and color the same image it gave me more of on insight on how dark the image really is. I had the chance to recreate this image and because of that my imagination of ideas of what this picture could have meant went wild. This was overall a great experience for me, and i’m happy I ended up enjoying this assignment more than dreading it.

Strategies for Marketers free essay sample

In Chapter 11 we focused in some detail upon Porters generic strategies and the nature and Buy this file from http://www. Download-it. Org/learning-resources. PH? Promoted===story=1321 sources of competitive advantage. This chapter takes the analysis a stage further by examining how the organizations position in the market, ranging from market leader through to market niche, influences strategy and planning. Finally, we turn our attention to the ways in which market and product life cycles need to be managed. 2. The influence of market position on strategy In discussing how best to formulate marketing strategy, we have focused so far on the models and approaches to planning that can help to tourmaline the analytical process. In making use of models such as these the strategist needs to pay explicit attention to a series of factors, including the organizations objectives and resources, managerial attitudes to risk, the structure of the market, competitors strategies and, very importan tly, the organizations position within the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies for Marketers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The significance of arrest position and its often very direct influence upon strategy has been discussed in detail by a wide variety of writers, most of whom suggest classifying competitive position along a spectrum from market leader to market niches: Market leader. In the majority of industries there is one firm that is generally recognized to be the leader. It typically has the largest market share and, by virtue of its pricing, advertising intensity, distribution coverage, technological advance and rate of new product introductions, it determines the nature, pace and bases of competition. It is this dominance that typically provides the benchmark for other companies in the industry. Market challengers and followers. Firms with a slightly smaller market share can adopt one of two positions. A case in point is Morgan, specializing in traditional sports cars. By concentrating their efforts in this way, market niches are able to build up specialist market knowledge and avoid expensive head-on fights with larger companies. This approach to classification has in turn led to a considerable discussion of the strategic alternatives for leaders, challengers and achier, with numerous analogies being drawn between business strategy and military strategy. The idea has been to show how the ideas of Buy this file from http:// www. Unload-it. Org/learning-resources. PH? Promoted===story=1321 military strategists, and in particular Von Classicist, Sun Thus and Lidded-Hart, might be applied to the alternatives open to a company intent on gaining or retaining a competitive advantage . This section therefore examines some to these ideas and shows how market leaders might defend their current position, how challengers eight attempt to seize share, and how followers and niches are affected by this. An overview of how this might be done appears in Figure 12. 1 . Figure 12. 1 Leaders, followers, challengers and market niches 521 12. 4 Strategies for market leaders Although a position of market leadership has undoubted attractions, in terms of both the scope that often exists to influence others and a possibly higher return on investment, leaders have all too often in the past proved to be vulnerable in the face of an attack from a challenger or when faced with the need for a major technological hanger. If, therefore, a market leader is to remain as the dominant company, it needs to defend its position constantly. In doing this, there are three major areas to which the marketing strategist needs to pay attention: 1 How best to expand the total market 2 How to protect the organizations current share of the market 3 How to increase market share. Buy this file from http://www. Download-it. Org/learning- resources. PH? P A summary of the ways in which leaders might do this appears in Figure 12. 2. Figure 12. 2 Strategies for market leaders